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Ireland is the agrarian-industrial country. The most developed industries are: mechanical engineering, ferrous metallurgy, chemical, pharmaceutical, oil refining, easy and food. For the advanced roles in national economy hi-tech industries which create 62% of all Irish export recently were put forward, including 29% of export are on information technologies. Growth of labour productivity in branches of high technologies makes 10% a year. The main investor into Irish economy is the USA which promoted creation of modern hi-tech sector of national facilities. On the basis of American investments into Ireland manufacture of computers and processors to them, manufacture of semiconductors, office equipment, production of a farmaceutical industry, electronics and electrical engineers has been created. Pride of Ireland is the up-to-date factory on manufacture of processors Intel — one of the most advanced manufactures in the world. In a view of promotion of branches of high technologies on the foreground old traditional branches of a national facilities of the country, such as the agriculture and the mining industry, lose the former value that gets agrarian-industrial Ireland in the category of the advanced postindustrial states. Owing to presence of a highly skilled labour, the country became one of leading exporters of modern information technologies in the world. Inflow of foreign investments was promoted by competent economic policy of the government of Ireland, encouraging foreign investments. In Ireland the preferential taxation for investors operates, special industrial zones are created, the profit tax in which makes only 10%. In particular in area of international port Shennon where one of such zones operates, about 300 industrial enterprises which are letting out export production is created, and in the international center of financial services in Dublin about 400 foreign banks is registered, engaged by offshore operations. The Agriculture once was a basis of national economy, and now remains the important branch of national economy. The most part of the Irish grounds is used under pastures or meadows. The climate of the country favours to vegetable growing, plant growing. The fodder grasses growing on fields are powerful food base for development of animal industries. The majority of farms is family, only in a small share of facilities is used wage labour. Facilities of the mixed type prevail on all country, meat-dairy breeds of cattle plant in the central areas, dairy — in southern. In the east and a southeast of Ireland cultivate grain crops. Sheep breeding has received universal distribution to hilly and mountain areas. The most part of agricultural products are meat of large horned livestock, it is accompanied with dairy products and pork, the sheep wool and poultry.
From agricultural cultures wheat, potato, sugar beet prevail. Needs of the country for sugar Ireland satisfies independently. In special branch of an agriculture it is necessary to allocate horse breeding — the Irish race horses are known all over the world. The increasing value for the national economy gets tourism. Ireland exports production of chemical, electronic industry, mechanical engineering, production of animal industries. Imports — electronics, the foodstuffs, machines and the equipment, oil and oil minerals, textiles and clothes. The basic trading partners are the EU countries, Great Britain, the USA. |
